Waswagoning
Lac du Flambeau, WI
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WA-SWA-GONING: "the place where they spear fish by torchlight." This was the name given by the Ojibwe to this beautiful area in northern Wisconsin. Later, the French trappers would call it Lac du Flambeau, which it is still called today. The English version is "Lake of the Torches". This area is the location of many documentary films about Native Americans before contact with Europeans.

Today, Waswagoning refers to a re-created Ojibwe village depicting the seasonal activities of these resourceful people. It's creator, Nick Hockings, an Ojibwe himself, wanted to preserve this fascinating way of life before it is forgotten.

The thoughtfully created atmosphere of this beautiful forest setting draws in its visitors as they journey back in time to experience life with nature. The shelters, food gathering, storing and preparing facilities, tools, traps, boats and games are a powerful example of Ojibwe life generations ago.

The day we were at this village, a group of university students were touring the site. We were fortunate to have a chat with Nick who told us many students come to Waswagoning to learn hands-on. Some stay for weeks, living in tipis or tents. It's one of the best places to learn about this interesting group of Native Americans.

Pictures (Click to enlarge)
What is Harrison doing? "I'm pretending to thresh wild rice the way the Ojibwe do. The long poles are to keep some of my weight off the grain so I don't crush the rice." The Ojibwe would wear clean, new moccasins while threshing. After stepping on a pit-full of rice until the outer seed covers were loosened, they would winnow it by gently throwing it in the air, letting the chaff blow away, and catching the clean grains in a flat container.

The Birchbark House by Louise Erdrich

We are looking at a basket of tools. Some are made of stone, some of animal bones, and some have both tied together with sinew. Before iron was introduced by the Europeans, Native Americans used objects found in nature from which to fashion their tools and implements. They became quite skilled at making all sorts of useful items.

Amanda said, "I felt like I was a time-traveler going back to this Ojibwe sugar camp. In the spring, they would gather sap from the maple trees and boil it and harden it so bugs and dust wouldn't get in it. Their wigwams would be cozy with a family in it. They built them very well, with thick birch bark on the outside. One that we saw had a bear skin over the door."

COLOR ME! Click on this image of an Ojibwe Shaman at the right for the full size picture, then print and color it!

From the Dover Coloring Book North American Indian Dances and Rituals by Peter F. Copeland

This is the inside of a wigwam. Amanda learned how they were constructed. "First, they would make a frame, which was like a pattern and then they would add thicker poles to support it. To hold the poles together, they would use bark pounded from long twigs. They would cover the framework with birch bark and sometimes reeds at the bottom so air could come in during the summer so it wouldn't get too hot."
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Nick Hockings, Educator Historian

Nick grew up on the Lac du Flambeau reservation with 10,000 registered tribe members. He spent six years creating the outdoor museum, Waswagoning, to educate the Native Americans about who they are. He does not advertise--visitors find out by word of mouth. He used no tribal, state or federal funding in the creation of this traditional Ojibwe village, and its day-to-day functioning is made possible by admissions and the sale of handcrafted items in the gift shop (many made by Nick himself). He was the main historical consultant and one of the actors in the film, "People of the Forest," shown at the Lac du Flambeau Indian Museum.

When asked about his feelings regarding the future, he said, "Tribes are starting to get into the main stream. Making money is important. Casinos and bingo halls have a negative connotation and can be abused, but the good side is evident on the reservations. Health care, education, jobs and esteem have improved." He said that gambling in the "old days" was ceremonial to the Native Americans, but he doesn't think it is the way to build an infrastructure and won't be long-lasting. It's an important "flash in the pan" to get them started though. He worries that the Europeans took the "7th generation" mentality out of the Native Americans years ago, but hopes that it can be restored. ("Imagine how you would feel if you came home after a trip and someone else was living there, told you they could use the resources better than you, and told you to leave.") He hopes to open others' eyes--those of his own people and the rest of the country. "Only when you ask questions can you learn. The art and science of asking questions is true knowledge."

Nick's message is, "This is the decade of equal justice--equal across the board. Believe it is possible to acquire justice. Money can't buy what you need. Justice leads to respect. Think it is achievable. Feeling guilty doesn't help."

To Be the Main Leaders of Our People: A History of Minnesota Ojibwe Politics, 1825-1898 (Native American Series (East Lansing, Mich.)
by Rebecca Kugel

Trip Tips

Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation is in north-central Wisconsin. For information about Waswagoning location, tour times, etc., visit their website (see Links.)

We stayed at the Lac du Flambeau Tribal Campground and watched a gorgeous sunset over the lake just before arriving. It was quite chilly in mid-September (40 degrees F or lower at night).

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Check out these resources from your local library, or click on these links to buy them online from Amazon.com. You'll get the same great price and help keep our pages on the web.

For Younger Readers

For Older Readers

The Birchbark House
by Louise Erdrich

If Laura Ingalls were an Ojibwe girl, her stories would have been entitled "The Birchbark House"

Little Firefly an Algonquian legend
by Gloria Dominic

North American Indian Dances and Rituals (A Dover Coloring Book)
by Peter F. Copeland

Dreamcatcher (Orchard Paperbacks)
by Audrey Osofsky, Ed Young (Illustrator), Audrey Csofsky

Amazon.com Find more books about Ojibwe Indians

To Be the Main Leaders of Our People: A History of Minnesota Ojibwe Politics, 1825-1898 (Native American Series (East Lansing, Mich.)

by Rebecca Kugel

Ojibwe
Pimsleur Comprehensive

Learn to speak Ojibwe with this comprehensive audio tape series from the best language tape company




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